Hupa Language Dictionary Second Edition: Na:tinixwe Mixine:whe’

Alternate Language Names

Na:tinixwe Mixine:whe’.

Region

California, United States.

Who

Victor Golla (Compiler and Editor).

Others Involved

Ray Baldy, Louise Badgely, Ruth Beck, Calvin Carpenter, William Carpenter, James Jackson, Minnie McWilliams, Elsie Ricklefs, Herman Sherman (Speakers and Editors); Linda McRae, Derek Gamlyn, Merrold Young (Graphic Layout and Cover Design); Chad Thompson (Tribal Computer Consultant); Marcelene Norton, Lois J. Risling, Jill Sherman Fletcher, Jennifer George (Administrative Staff); Jill Sherman Fletcher, Merv George Family, Indian Teacher and Education Personnel Program, Hoopa Valley Tribe, Gary Risling, Steve Baldy, Marcelene Norton, Lois Risling, Derek Gamlyn, Lyn Risling, Chad Thompson (Photos and Art).

Publishing Information

Published 1996 by Hoopa Valley Tribal Council, Hoopa, CA.

How People are Cited

People are cited on the Dictionary Staff page, in the Photo and Art Credits section, and The Hupa Dictionary Project section of the Introduction.

How Information is Cited

Speakers, both those who worked on this dictionary directly and those who have impacted this dictionary through earlier work with the Hupa language, are cited by name on the Dictionary Staff page and The Hupa Dictionary Project section of the dictionary’s Introduction, where previous language work and publications are also cited. Previously published resources used are also listed in the References section of the Introduction.

Where is Information Coming from

Information in this dictionary comes from speakers, including those who have worked with anthropologists throughout the twentieth century (detailed below) and those who participated in the weekly Hupa Dictionary Project consultant meetings in the 1990s.

This dictionary also uses the previous works from anthropologists and linguists dating back to the late 1800s, starting with the first material collected by missionary Pliny Earle Goddard. It is not known which speakers from the language community Goddard worked with. In 1927 anthropologist Edward Sapir collected vocabulary, working largely with Sam Brown, Tahsenche Emma Frank, and John Shoemaker. In the 1960s, linguist Victor Golla worked with Ned Jackson, Louise Jackson, Minnie Reeves, and Rudolph Socktish. A critical resource for this dictionary was the preceding Hupa Language Dictionary published in 1983 by the Hoopa Valley Tribe, including information from the following speakers and contributors: Calvin Carpenter, Lila Colegrove, Fred Davis, Minnie McWilliams, Jack Scott, Herman Sherman, Jon Brooks, Adrienne Drake, Mary Jane Risling, Laura Lee George, Lincoln Jackson, Lyle Marshall, Marcellene Norton, and Lois Risling. In the early 1990s, Golla’s material was digitized, resulting in an extensive archival collection which has been included in this dictionary.

Tools and Framework used

This dictionary is available as a physical and digital book.

Access

The digital dictionary is open access through the California State University’s ScholarWorks website. The physical dictionary is accessible through libraries.

Included Languages and Directionality

English to Hupa.

Dialects Included

No dialect is specified for this dictionary.

Type of Dictionary

This is a bilingual, mono-directional dictionary.

How are Entries Organised

Entries are organized alphabetically by English. The two most detailed types of entries are nouns and verbs. Typical noun entries contain the English headword, the Hupa translation, an alternative pronunciation, the English gloss of the Hupa translation, the general English translation of the Hupa translation, and supplementary information (i.e., references to technical discussions, photographs, cultural information, etc.). Biological entries also contain botanical or zoological identifications. Typical verb entries contain the English headword, one of the forms of the Hupa verb, the English translation of the Hupa verb form, other forms of the Hupa verb, other Hupa verbs that also translate from the headword, and a Hupa example phrase followed by its English translation. Less detailed entries include the English headword, the Hupa translation, and the general English translation of the Hupa translation.

The dictionary also includes a Hupa alphabet and sound chart and description, a brief history of the Hupa language, and an explanation of the grammatical terms used in the dictionary.

Other Features

Other Notes

The Hupa Online Dictionary and Texts is based off this dictionary (http://nalc.ucdavis.edu/hupa/hupa-lexicon.html).